What are your plans for the summer? NEON’s going traveling.

July 23rd, 2010 by admin No comments »

As outlined in our recent news article on prototyping, NEON staff are busy this summer traveling to different site locations to test equipment and supplies, study how the sites will be built and run, develop contacts and essentially smooth the process for entering and building future sites. Here are a few highlights from the summer’s work.

Joel_toolik

AOP in Alaska
The AOP team spent two weeks in Alaska this summer, primarily in or around Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Deadhorse.  The team gathered information about the airports there that will help NEON determine flight logistics as well as better understand what sort of science interests stand out for particular regions.  In addition, the team spent some time at the Toolik Field Station, one of NEON’s core sites, while visiting nearby airstrips.

Alaska-2FIU Needs a Vacation
The FIU team has barely been in the office this summer, with stops in Puerto Rico, Alaska, and California, to name a few.  The team has already completed site characterization field surveys in 15 NEON domains, which includes determining where the tower will be placed at a given site, measuring soil temperature and soil water content, and surveying ecosystem structure.

FSU’s Got Some Bugs
FSU has completed eight weeks of beetle and mosquito sampling at the Domain 1 candidate core site in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts this summer.

FIU-alaskaFIU-PRFSU-mosq


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In choosing taxa for the continental scale

June 16th, 2010 by Becky Kao No comments »

Over my past two and a half years at NEON, there is one question that I have been asked more than any other: Why is NEON not studying *–insert taxon of interest–*?

I think an easier way to address this question would be to consider: How did NEON choose its sentinel taxa (i.e., organisms of focus)?

NEON is tasked with enabling research that addresses several Grand Challenges (biogeochemistry, biodiversity, climate change, ecohydrology, infectious disease, land use and invasive species). To best address the Grand Challenges, NEON selected key sentinel organisms the Fundamental Sentinel Unit (FSU) team will observe that represent different phylogenetic complexities, life histories, and responses to community and environmental changes. These organisms all have broad geographic distributions, generally have high population turnover rates, and are thought to be sentinels of changes in the environment. Sentinel organisms were also chosen to represent a broad spectrum of taxon sensitivity to various changes in community composition, land use, and climate.

With these objectives in mind, NEON will focus on the following sentinel taxa: soil bacteria, archaea and fungi; ground beetles; mosquitoes; small mammals such as Peromyscus spp (deer mice); plants; and birds. NEON will also focus on several aquatic sentinels, but I will only discuss the terrestrial sentinel taxa here.

Pasimachus_elongatusSoil microbes have been chosen because they are intimately tied to ecosystem function and health and have the ability to respond rapidly to environmental changes. Developing an understanding of their phylogenetic diversity, their role in biogeochemical processes, and how these relate to one another will address three of NEON’s Grand Challenges.

Ground beetles are well known taxonomically. Further, they are relatively common in many habitats, are known to be sensitive to habitat change, vegetation and soil conditions, and have been extensively used as indicators of environmental change.

Mosquitoes were chosen because they are ubiquitous and important vectors of disease. They are also relatively easy to sample and populations are sensitive to climate variation. Mosquito species range expansions and invasions of non-native species are presently occurring (e.g., Aedes albopictus, which is spreading across North America) and expected to increase with warming climates in temperate latitudes, which can impact the spread of disease.

Peromsycus serve as sources of infectious disease including Hantavirus, Lyme disease, plague, and tularemia. Peromyscus spp population size can be linked to land use and climate change, and therefore it also serves as a good indicator species.

Long-term monitoring of plant communities will help address changes in biodiversity, invasive species, and productivity. Additionally, three species shall be chosen at each site to study phenology.

Birds were chosen because of the long history of data collection at the national scale, and the ability to tie into a larger dataset to examine long term trends. Bird diversity is related to several of the grand challenge areas (e.g., diverse bird communities can be indicators of highly functioning food webs).

While one would love to be able to study all things at all times, clearly, as with all projects, one must make hard decisions to limit the scope of the research so that the work is meaningful and can still be done within a defined budget. Though I was not involved with NEON during the original taxon selection process, I now have a deep appreciation for the impacts of taxon selection on the larger project and how difficult it is to design a project with the large spatial and temporal scope that NEON has. I think it is useful to remember the context in which these taxa have been chosen and how they will be used during NEON operations. Given NEON’s large scope and the requirement to design standardized sampling methods for all sentinel taxa at all 60 NEON sites, I think the sentinel taxa do a very good job addressing all of the Grand Challenges and will provide an enormous wealth of data across several trophic levels.

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NEON’s semi-new home

June 7th, 2010 by admin No comments »

Last week, about 30% of the NEON staff moved into a newly-leased, previously existing building at 1685 38th St. in Boulder, which offers expanded office, lab and warehouse areas.

NEON will be occupying approximately 45,500 square feet of the building, with an option to expand to 100,000 square feet if NEON chooses to make that building the main headquarters.  About 32,600 square feet will be used as office and lab space, and about12,900 square feet will be dedicated warehouse space.

A prototype tower has been erected behind the building for testing.

NEON now occupies two separate buildings in Boulder.

Prototype tower located behind the new building

Prototype tower located behind the new building

Front of the new building

Front of the new building

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Catching up with NEON’s Project Manager: Post-NSB

May 20th, 2010 by Tony Beasley No comments »

We’re still clearing hurdles….

As you may have seen elsewhere, the National Science Board recently authorized the NSF director to award funding to NEON, Inc. over five years to construct the National Ecological Observatory Network. This is a remarkable outcome for the company and project team (and ecology in general), and makes the hard work and long hours over the past few years worthwhile. There are still a few more clearances needed (NEON has some environmental analysis actions to complete, NSF has to commit to starting the project, and Congress needs to apportion the money for construction), but – things are moving forward.

I’ve started thinking more about “when” things are going to happen, not “if,” and worrying about schedule milestones a few years away.

Here in Boulder we’re beginning some hiring to support the design, prototyping and risk reduction activities for the next year, and we’re currently outfitting a new 45,000 sq.ft technical facility to support our Instrument Assembly and Integration, Calibration/Validation/Audit and Airborne Observation Platform labs.

The project staff will double over the next year; we went through three (painful) doublings during 2008/2009, but we’re better prepared for growth now. Sometime recently we passed the point where I knew everyone… I think there are a few guys working down in the computing group I’ve never met (it’s dark and scary down there, but I’m going to have to go down there).  Getting the whole organization together used to take a small conference room.  Recently, we’ve had trouble squeezing everyone into a large auditorium. Keeping the team together and maintaining good communications when we split the organization into the headquarters building and technical facility building (the buildings are separated by about a mile) will be a priority for me this coming year.

Another activity ramping up now is discussions with the landowners and agencies who have kindly offered to host our sites, and examining environmental and design issues.  We completed the high-level observatory environmental analysis late last year, but the lead time on permits can be measured in months or years, so we’re underway across the entire country, talking to the landowners and other stakeholders.  Jody Bolyard (who is honcho-ing this process) and his team are on the phone and visiting sites, developing the relationships we need.  More design work at several sites is underway; our biggest issue seems to be providing grid power to a few relocatable sites, and this summer we’re going to look at solutions to this problem.  Field and stream sampling is occurring this summer and next, and we’re beginning our work on bioarchiving and DNA analysis.

In essence, we’re changing gears from “review” mode to “field” mode.

Finally, we’re observing as the political game plays out on impacts to science funding (new NSF director, possibly a continuing resolution on the budget late in the year, etc.).  We will keep you posted.

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NEON riding the radio waves

April 30th, 2010 by admin No comments »

NEON recently found itself riding the radio waves via national talk radio and podcast.  Take a listen, below!

NEON CEO Dave Schimel chats about the effects of climate change on the changing of the seasons in this NPR story heard on Morning Edition on Earth Day, April 22.

Science reporter Elizabeth Pennisi discusses her recent story about NEON with Science Magazine podcast host Robert Frederick in the last story of the podcast.   The transcript of the interview (word doc format) is HERE.

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Earth Day: It really is about stopping to smell the flowers

April 16th, 2010 by Sandra Henderson No comments »

If Will Rogers were alive today, he might comment that everyone talks about climate change but nobody does anything about it. 

We know that is not accurate.  Legions of professionals, including scientists and engineers, have taken on the enormous task of better understanding (and even doing something) about climate change. Traditionally, the general public — while certainly having access to media reports on climate change — has not been actively involved in research on climate change.

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of programs and projects designed to connect researchers with interested members of the public who collect data on their own, while following defined research protocols.  Although not new, these so-called “citizen science” efforts are rapidly evolving.  The Internet has made participation in citizen science efforts accessible to a widespread audience of interested lay people.  As a result, tens of thousands of citizen scientists have contributed to a variety of research projects in recent years.  Useful data is being collected and many scientists are actively recruiting people to help them in their research.

education3Citizen science programs come in all shapes and sizes. Some programs focus on asking individuals to make simple observations and measurements in their backyards and local surroundings.  For example, in Project Feederwatch, volunteers record the birds they see during the winter at backyard feeders. CoCoRHaS asks participants to measure the amount of precipitation where they live.  Other citizen science projects ask participants to observe the migration of birds and other animals, note the presence or absence of pollinators such as butterflies and bees, and determine the quality of the night sky.

I am the Director of a NEON partner called Project BudBurst, which collects data on how plants respond to changing climate by having volunteers observe and monitor the timing of flower, leafing, and fruiting in plants.

There are times when I find it challenging to make the connection between the high tech, cutting-edge efforts of the NEON scientists and engineers and what we do through Project BudBurst. NEON is a highly sophisticated system of towers and sensors that collect numerous ecological measurements.  In contrast, Project BudBurst asks individuals to go outside and make simple observations; we essentially engage them as ‘human sensors.’  I think that both approaches are needed to better understand environmental change.

Other NEON blogs will provide insight as to the value of a continental-scale, highly integrated system of sensors to advance the frontiers of climate and ecological science.  In this blog, I focus on the value of a continental network of human sensors helping to advance the frontiers of climate and ecological science through participation in Project BudBurst.   

education2The underlying mission of Project BudBurst is simple – get folks from all walks of life to be more aware of the changes in the natural world around them.  Specifically, Project BudBurst is a field campaign designed to engage the public in collecting data about plant phenology throughout the US. Participants take careful observations of events such emergence of first leaves, first flowers, and first ripe fruit of a diversity of native and non-native plant species, including trees, shrubs, flowers, herbs, weeds, and ornamentals.  Participation does not take any special instruments or equipment, is open to all, and our web site has all the information you need to get started.

Project BudBurst is relatively new, having started in 2007 with a pilot project to determine the level of interest from the public. It turns out there was a lot of interest. Thousands of individuals have signed up to observe the timing of phenophases of trees, shrubs, flowers, and grasses in their local environments.  It has been rewarding to hear of the enthusiasm and excitement from participants of all ages and backgrounds.  

education1I found it even more exciting when my colleague, Kayri Havens of the Chicago Botanic Garden, compared the 2007-09 first flower observations from the Chicago region to 50 years of first flower observations by Swink and Wilhem published in the Plants of the Chicago Region (1994).  In her comparisons, Kay found 15 species that were included in the historical Chicago study and Project BudBurst.  Seven of the species had a first flower earlier in one or more of the last 3 years than had been seen by Swink and Wilhelm.  In some cases, the first flower was several weeks earlier. These species included forsythia, spiderwort, dogtooth violet, red maple, may apple, common lilac, and black locust.  Plants really do have a story to tell us about changes in the environment.

So this Earth Day, don’t just stop and smell the flowers — sign up for Project BudBurst and let us know the dates of flowering. I think Will Rogers would be pleased to see that folks from all around the country are trying to do something about climate change – in the form of making useful observations of the world around them.  In fact, I like to think he would be a Project BudBurst observer.

Sandra Henderson is a science educator at the University Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).  Project BudBurst is co-managed by the UCAR Office of Education and Outreach and the Chicago Botanic Garden.  In addition to NEON, BudBurst partners with the USA-NPN and UCLA CENS.  Support for Project BudBurst has been provided by NSF, NASA, USGS, US FWS, and the National Geographic Education Foundation. 

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Watch Out for Africanized Bees!

March 31st, 2010 by Michael Keller No comments »

For a brief moment in popular culture, invasive species were television stars.  The late comedian John Belushi introduced folks of my age and social milieu to the South American Killer Bee.  Belushi’s bees were comic bandits wrapped in bandoliers of bullets who had little in common with their social insect inspiration. But, never before or since, has an invasive organism had such a hold on American popular culture – at least for 10 minutes on Saturday nights.

The real killer bees are the descendents of European honey bees bred with African bees.  In the few decades following their accidental release in Sao Paulo in 1957, the Africanized bees have spread throughout the Americas where they still occasionally cause violent deaths among humans.  They complicate the lives of beekeepers and, more importantly, displace less aggressive native bee species.  Killer bees remind us of the potential damage caused by an invasive species.

The killer bees escaped from an apiary managed by Professor Warwick Kerr, who has many claims to fame, including providing a temporary home to William Hamilton when Hamilton’s ideas were too threatening and too far-fetched for the traditional biology community in Great Britain.  Hamilton was a great biologist whose work helped to explain the evolutionary basis of altruism and social behavior in animals, and the evolution of sex.

So what do killer bees and altruism have to do with NEON?  The example of the Africanized bees reminds us that we cannot ignore biology beyond our borders.  Invasive species do not respect national borders any more than global climate change does.  The international economy and even conservation policies in other countries affect land use here in the United States.  It’s already cliché to state that we live in a highly interconnected world.

As for altruism, are NEON scientists doing noble selfless deeds when we participate in international cooperation?  Not entirely.   NEON worker bees need to contribute to international cooperation efforts in order to complete our mission.  While it is difficult to measure the effect of a given cooperation effort on NEON’s success, I am convinced that NEON’s participation in international activities will ultimately help us understand continental-scale ecology in the global context.    Developing relationships and sharing information with our colleagues both within and outside of our borders will help us to do better work through access to better information.  Maybe we will provide the information that helps scientists and policy makers avoid a future harmful species invasion?

A few weeks ago, about a quarter of the current NEON science staff was traveling to meetings and workshops to support international collaboration in ecological research.  Rachel Gallery was working with the Virtual Herbarium project. Cara Gibson and I attended the GEO-BON (Group on Earth Observations- Biological Observation Network) to help plan biodiversity monitoring in support of the Convention on Biodiversity in this International Year of Biodiversity. After that, I continued on to the Canadian Carbon Program meeting to spend a weekend sharing ideas about collaborations to expand carbon cycle observations from continental-scale to truly continental (beyond the borders of the U.S.A).  As I said, this is not altruism but a critical part of our job to develop NEON’s capabilities. 

Now that I am back, I have returned to work with a reinforced international perspective.   We’ll be watching for the next killer bees.

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USGS Colloquium: Dave Schimel on “The Design of NEON and the Future of Ecological Forecasting”

March 11th, 2010 by admin No comments »

Dave Schimel presented a webcasted talk at the USGS campus in Menlo Park, CA on Feb 8, 2010, called “The Design of NEON and the Future of Ecological Forecasting.” The USGS Western Region Colloquium (WRC) features monthly speakers who present information of broad interest that spans the spectrum of earth and environmental science, and has become the most highly regarded speaker series in Menlo Park. The Western Region Colloquium was founded in February 1996 as a monthly speaker series intended to build awareness of cross-cutting issues. The colloquium hosts speakers who present information of broad interest that spans the spectrum of earth and environmental science.

Following are 4 clips that make up the talk in entirety.

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The natural progression to sustainability

March 1st, 2010 by Dave Schimel 1 comment »

NEON’s primary role is to observe changes in our natural world and enable scientists and decision makers to use information to address the challenges presented by environmental change. As such, NEON, Inc. and its staff recognize our responsibility to help make a positive contribution in a world that continues to experience unprecedented economic, environmental, and social challenges.

green-handsFurther, NEON’s stewardship of National Science Foundation funds implies conserving tax dollars making its existence possible in the first place, and maximizing the proportion of funding and all other resources directly accomplishing science goals.

Thus, it seems only natural that at the core of NEON’s mission is a dedication to sustainability, and it makes perfect sense that NEON will embrace efficiency to the extent possible. NEON is committed to minimizing its environmental footprint and will operate sustainably and develop sustainable and environmentally-friendly practices.

Since NEON is a new project, as it grows in size and scope, its footprint also grows. In our first annual sustainability report (2009) we share our progress in addressing the challenges associated with greening a brand-new, growing organization, identify where we believe we can have the most impact, and acknowledge our opportunities for continued improvement. We’re both taking advantage of the changes and improvements we can make in the short term, and simultaneously strategizing how to synthesize sustainability into our long-term plans.

Despite working under restrictions of a building lease and constant growth and change, our report notes that NEON took several strong steps in 2009 to minimize environmental impacts. Some of NEON’s major sustainability actions include energy auditing, changing light bulbs building-wide, establishing a successful compost and recycling program, and producing only 100% recycled, FSC-certified marketing materials.

NEON is a project of firsts; we’re the first continental-scale ecological observatory and the first NSF facility of the BIO Directorate. I hope we can soon add to our list that we have become the first facility to lead the charge on bringing comprehensive, aggressive sustainable practices as a core component of our strategy. After reviewing our first annual sustainability report for 2009, one of our NSF colleagues, Peter McEvoy, commented: “This looks very inspiring…. and very fitting that the National Ecological Observatory Network would be leaders in this area for us to consider emulating.”

I’m proud to say that our sustainability report has been distributed to other NSFG-supported facility projects for them to use in developing their own plans.

We recognize our road to sustainability may be rocky at times. For example, NEON’s national scope means that travel will dominate our carbon footprint for the foreseeable future. We have already begun planning options for mitigating our impacts; incorporated into our construction and operations plans will be means to take advantage of every possible collaboration technology and management strategy that will reduce the need for travel.

Sustainability cannot be a stand-alone issue that’s separate from or unrelated to our projects. It’s not an abstract or philanthropic program. Simply put, sustainability will be built into NEON’s plans because it is an integral part of NEON’s mission. It is also an outgrowth of the ideals and energy of NEON’s staff. NEON’s sustainable trajectory was initiated by a self-organized group of NEON employees that came together on its own initiative and began the process that led the first report and plans.

Like the grassroots pioneers that created the concept for a continental-scale ecological observatory, the sustainability group has pioneered a plan for NEON to become a sustainable distributed science facility – truly an organic outgrowth of our company’s spirit and vision.

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A new culture is arising

February 16th, 2010 by Tony Beasley No comments »

It has been a long, productive year for the NEON team. 

2009 was the year when the diverse ideas and plans for a national ecological observatory generated by the scientific community since the late 90’s were assembled into a detailed project definition, which was then documented and reviewed – not an easy task. Between December 2008 and November 2009 we produced several thousand pages of project designs and estimates, and conducted more than a dozen reviews of different parts of the Observatory, ending in a successful NSF-led Final Design Review in November. In early February, we heard that the NSF has included us in their construction budget proposal to Congress for 2011 – exciting news, and the result the team deserved.

There are still several hurdles to clear before the Observatory becomes a reality, but all signs are good.

The central unifying theme of NEON design is ecological data products. These data products take on many forms – images from the airborne platform; population counts from human observers; automated readings from towers and sensors in our domain infrastructure; DNA analyses from commercial labs. Developing scientific methods to enable detection of long-term changes and trends in these data – i.e. observing both the drivers of and responses to climate change, land-use change, unsustainable water use and invasive species – is a core NEON goal. Combining these data to generate useful scientific information, increased understanding and support informed decision making is the key role of the Observatory in the future.

Our assembled team covers many fields of expertise. There are new challenges for all of us, and working together to develop the Observatory is exciting. My colleagues in ecology and biology are very familiar with the issues associated with field data acquisition; my background in astronomy involves larger data rates and more technical observatory operations; many of our engineering staff have manufacturing backgrounds. Many of our professional staff come from commercial backgrounds, and working for an organization where scientific issues can sometimes greatly impact major decisions is new.   For all of us, the fascinating complexity and volume of the data generated by a large-scale ecological observatory is new.

Reversing the natural tendency for all these diverse groups to fly apart is a big part of my job, and some days it keeps me busy. Some days I know all the answers; some days I don’t, but every day I feel the challenges and rewards of managing a project which will take ecology into a new era.  A new culture is arising.   

NEON sits in the middle of a web of federal and private partnerships. We greatly appreciate those organizations and institutions that are hosting our facilities and supporting our analyses. We are also very aware that our Observatory will be only one element among many different projects and facilities attacking these problems of national and global importance, and we look forward to working with all of them on the solutions. 

NEON will be one of the first MREFC projects to involve education planning/development from the very beginning, and we’re proud of that. We live in a time when difficult questions are being asked, and in all scenarios solutions will involve informed discussion and evaluation by citizens, so being able to use NEON information in real world decisions is a key goal we must achieve. NEON’s education team is already underway with prototype efforts to make this important goal a reality.

During 2010 we are going to launch several field and computing prototyping initiatives to minimize risk and prepare for construction. Assuming the project is approved, Observatory construction may begin in 2011, and is planned to last for five years. Though the long haul in 2009 was tiring, the team remains strong and enthused, and we’re looking forward to the task ahead.

As we move forward we will always need the advice and support of the community and the public, so we look forward to hearing from you.

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